How 5G Is Reshaping Mobile Network Architecture

In this new, modern era of connectivity, operators must enhance their workflows and technology or risk falling behind. Once 5G became the industry’s golden standard, companies had to adjust how they design, deploy, and manage their mobile networks. 

Besides increasing the download speed and ensuring uninterrupted streaming, 5G also introduced other improvements. The technology allowed us to use advanced medical equipment, robots, manufacturing equipment, smart vehicles, and other devices that couldn’t be used with past network generations.

However, to facilitate the change, operators had to update their hardware. They had to introduce a new architecture that would allow them to transform their day-to-day operations. With a modern enterprise radio access network, you no longer have to worry about lagging behind! 

The Introduction of Cloud-Native Architecture

Back in the day, mobile networks were heavily reliant on hardware. Unfortunately, this meant that operators had to build massive systems, which required round-the-clock maintenance. This drained companies’ funds and made network management that much more complex.

To make matters worse, each component within the network was tightly coupled. So, whenever an operator wanted to introduce any change, that would cost them additional money and would take a lot of time. 

With the introduction of 5G, all of this is a thing of the past. Specifically, modern networks introduced two new technologies that made all the difference.

Cloud-Native Solution

Instead of relying on hardware, 5G is much more software-focused. You don’t have to worry about server upkeep, as all the processes are done over the cloud. Vendors rely on cloud infrastructure to create their containerization applications and microservices, providing unprecedented flexibility for users.

Network Slicing

Instead of forcing a one-size-fits-all approach with inflexible servers, users can now separate their physical infrastructure into smaller parts, referred to as “slices.” That way, they can modify each slice according to specific use cases, focusing on features such as high bandwidth or low latency. 

Edge Computing Decentralization

The need for ultra-low latency has increased with technological changes. Operators could no longer facilitate many of the modern technologies, such as IoT devices and autonomous vehicles, with the legacy networks. 

For example, data usually had to go from the user to the data center and back to the user within 4G networks. This caused massive delays that hindered the real-time features of modern applications and devices, making certain equipment and machines potentially life-threatening. 

The issue was resolved by relocating the computer power to the user’s proximity. By relying on MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing), we’re now able to process data at the network’s edge. Instead of waiting for several seconds for an app to respond, the software in 5G networks reacts within milliseconds, making the technology vital for mission-critical applications. 

Another critical technology is distributed architecture. Operators are shying away from centralized hubs and are instead using 5G to distribute processing across edge nodes. Through decentralization, telcos are able to enhance reliability and performance, ensuring higher subscriber satisfaction. 

RAN Evolution 

A Radio Access Network is a device that allows network connection. Like many other components, RAN experienced massive changes with 5G, increasing its scalability, efficiency, and flexibility.

Small Cells and Densification

In order to use higher frequencies, modern networks had to rely on smaller cells to ensure massive bandwidth and high penetration. Small cells are invaluable in urban areas with many buildings, as the signal can penetrate through concrete and other obstacles. Furthermore, introducing a large number of small cells reduces the distance between base stations and users, further reducing latency. 

Massive MIMO and Beamforming

Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output) represents a game changer compared to 4G’s MIMO. With hundreds of antennas located at base stations, systems can receive and send streams to numerous users. Massive MIMO relies on the same frequency across the board, allowing operators to increase data quantity without requiring more spectrum.

Open RAN

Open RAN, or simply O-RAN, provides numerous benefits for 5G networks. It significantly reduces costs, allowing providers to avoid premium pricing. Given its open standards, businesses can create their own solutions, thus enhancing their network features. Furthermore, O-RAN gives operators a chance to adapt their networks for both urban and rural environments. 

Service-Based Architecture

Another standout characteristic of 5G networks is SBA or Service-Based Architecture. Unlike the traditional rigid architecture, which was heavily dependent on protocols, this technology offers much more speed and flexibility. As such, it sets the basis for innovations.

One of the main reasons why SBA is so fantastic is its decoupled functions. Things such as policy control, authentication, and session management are completely separate from each other, and they interact through APIs. Decoupled functions allow operators to introduce dynamic services and third-party apps.

SBA allows telcos to automate their processes via NFV (Network Function Virtualization) and SDN (Software-Defined Networking). This is vital for optimizing resources. With Service-Based Architecture, the 5G core can quickly adjust to different requirements and use cases, switching its focus from mMTC to URLLC and eBMM.

Enhanced Security Features

A noticeable problem with 4G is that it has slowly started slipping in terms of its security. Simply put, the solutions of that time weren’t suitable for modern threats. Luckily, 5G addresses all these issues and much more through its proactive security stance.

Using zero-trust architecture, the network asks for authentication from each user who wants access. Even when you confirm your device and identity, you might still be prompted for additional checkups in the future. 

5G has introduced massive changes to integrity protection and encryption, ensuring a higher level of data protection. Unlike 4G, modern networks rely on machine learning and artificial intelligence for their daily security checks. Instead of being reactive, these networks now try to intercept all threats before they can affect the system. 

The Future of 5G

5G represents a major leap ahead that allows us to use various modern technologies. With its flexible, scalable architecture, these networks can meet the needs of telecom operators around the world. Instead of the old, rigid interface, 5G uses cloud-based technology that increases profitability and competitiveness.