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OpenAI is changing how it describes the large facilities powering its artificial intelligence services, replacing the familiar term “data centers” with “compute campuses.” The terminology shift comes as AI infrastructure faces growing criticism over electricity consumption, environmental concerns, and its impact on nearby communities.
OpenAI introduced the phrase in an announcement for its new Grid Protectors Program, which aims to address concerns about the electricity demands of its infrastructure. The initiative will begin at a planned facility in Effingham County, Georgia.
In the announcement, which was approximately 900 words long, the company used “compute campus” considerably more often than “data center.” OpenAI also described its newer facilities as different from traditional data centers, saying they could offer greater flexibility in managing electricity demand.
The company said that it intends to cover the costs created by its operations and help local communities maintain reliable power, particularly during emergencies and periods of extreme weather.
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The terminology change came as large technology companies face increasing resistance to data center projects across the United States. Residents and advocacy groups have raised concerns about electricity consumption, water usage, pollution, and the possibility of higher utility bills.
The issue has also attracted political attention ahead of the US midterm elections. Reports suggest OpenAI is preparing a broader public relations and policy campaign to improve public understanding of AI infrastructure and address concerns surrounding its expansion.
However, environmental and community advocates are questioning whether changing the terminology will make any meaningful difference.
Holly Elmore, founder of PauseAI US, argued that the public's concerns are about the environmental and community impact of these facilities, rather than the name used to describe them. The NAACP's Center for Environmental and Climate Justice also criticized the move, saying that changing the label does not address the underlying problems.
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OpenAI's infrastructure messaging also comes as rival AI company Anthropic has committed to covering the electricity grid upgrades required by its data centers. Anthropic has additionally pledged investments in local community projects, protection of water supplies, and greater transparency in discussions with public officials.
The debate highlights a growing challenge for AI companies: expanding computing capacity while maintaining public support. Whether the term “compute campuses” gains wider acceptance remains uncertain, particularly as communities continue to demand clear commitments on environmental impact, electricity costs and local benefits.