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Google has signed a USD 4.3 billion agreement with Constellation Energy to secure 890 megawatts of additional nuclear power for its expanding U.S. operations. The 20-year power purchase agreement will support upgrades at existing nuclear plants across Illinois, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
Constellation Energy shares climbed more than 12% after Tuesday's announcement. Meanwhile, shares of Google parent Alphabet traded little changed.
The agreement will support more than USD 4.3 billion in new investment by Constellation. The company plans improvements across several nuclear reactors in the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions.
Those projects will include modernized turbines, steam generators, and digital control systems. Together, the upgrades will increase output from plants that already operate within the U.S. power system.
Google said the agreement gives Constellation the long-term revenue certainty needed to invest in 11 nuclear reactors. Those units sit in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.
At the same time, Google said electricity customers will not face extra costs related to the upgrades. The company aims to secure new energy supplies as artificial intelligence increases electricity demand.
The 11 nuclear units operate within PJM Interconnection, the largest electric grid in the United States. PJM serves a 13-state region that includes major data center markets. Google and Constellation also agreed to a separate 15-year energy supply agreement covering another 2.7 gigawatts of electricity.
As part of the broader partnership, Constellation will also use Google's Gemini Enterprise software. The company plans to apply the technology to site selection, outage management, and infrastructure protection. The arrangement therefore combines power supply commitments with operational technology as both companies expand their cooperation.
Major technology companies have sought larger electricity supplies as they build more data centers across the United States. Those facilities support increasingly power-intensive artificial intelligence systems.
Google has already invested in other nuclear projects in Georgia, Iowa, and Tennessee. The company has also contracted to restart NextEra Energy's nuclear power plant in Iowa.
Constellation has pursued similar deals with other large technology companies. It previously announced plans to restart a Three Mile Island reactor in Pennsylvania to serve Microsoft data centers. Microsoft signed a 20-year agreement with Constellation in 2024. Under that arrangement, the company expects to receive electricity from a previously closed Three Mile Island reactor by 2028.
Amazon also signed a nuclear power agreement with Constellation in January. Meta entered a separate 20-year arrangement to purchase electricity from Vistra's nuclear plants.
Technology companies have also invested in small modular reactors. These compact plants aim to produce electricity at smaller scales than conventional nuclear facilities.
A gigawatt can supply electricity to nearly 800,000 homes, according to the information accompanying the announcement.
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The Google agreement also responds to changes under consideration at PJM Interconnection. Grid managers have proposed new requirements for large data center customers.
Under the proposal, data centers connected to the 13-state grid could need to bring their own power supplies. Otherwise, operators could remotely cut their grid access during periods of peak electricity demand.
Google and Constellation said their agreement responds to PJM's proposed bring-your-own-power framework.
The approach gives Google access to additional electricity while funding improvements at nuclear plants that already serve the regional power system. Google said it remains committed to investing in reliable and lower-carbon electricity as its operations grow.
“We’re committed to meeting our growth responsibly by actively investing in clean, reliable power that brings new capacity to our nation’s grids,” said Amanda Peterson Corio, Google's global head of energy and power.
Nuclear generation produces electricity without the carbon emissions associated with traditional fossil-fuel power generation. At the same time, nuclear energy continues to face public concerns and longstanding industry stigma.
Google's latest agreement adds 890 megawatts of nuclear capacity while extending its relationship with Constellation through an additional 2.7-gigawatt supply arrangement.
Google's USD 4.3 billion Constellation Energy agreement will support 890 megawatts of added nuclear capacity and upgrades at 11 reactors. The companies also signed a 2.7-gigawatt supply deal as Google seeks reliable electricity for expanding artificial intelligence data centers.
