The role of Bitcoin global reserves management has now shifted from a theoretical perspective to early use. Central banks are faced with the rising uncertainty over traditional reserve assets. In November 2025, the Czech National Bank (CNB) became the first central bank to buy cryptocurrency directly and acquired around $1 million in digital assets.
The CNB's latest move comes on the back of concerns about the dollar’s long-term viability. The US public debt is constantly rising. At the same time, continuous fiscal deficits and geopolitical uncertainty have also contributed to the acceleration of diversification strategies from many central banks, especially in the emerging markets.
Central banks have purchased gold amid this shift, which has supported bullion to reach record highs.
However, with analysts increasingly debating Bitcoin’s potential as a store of value, digital assets are now entering policy discussions.
A study by Invesco published in 2025 suggested that 53% of central banks plan to diversify reserves further, while 72% expressed concerns over the dollar’s long-term outlook, up sharply from the prior year.
The CNB has emphasized that its Bitcoin holding will remain separate from official foreign-exchange reserves and will not be actively scaled up.
Instead, the focus is on operational learning, testing custody, security, compliance, and crisis-management processes associated with digital assets.
Governor Ales Michl has framed the initiative as forward-looking preparation, arguing that tokenised financial instruments and blockchain-based payments are likely to play a larger role in future financial systems.
According to a 2025 report from Deutsche Bank, Bitcoin and gold could coexist on central bank balance sheets by the end of the decade.
The study highlighted similarities between the two assets, including scarcity, liquidity, limited counterparty risk, and low correlation with traditional financial instruments.
Deutsche Bank also noted that regulatory progress from Europe’s MiCA framework to US stablecoin legislation could reduce Bitcoin’s volatility and improve institutional confidence.
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Skepticism persists despite increasing interest. The price fluctuations remain a major issue; over the past decade, several drops exceeding 20% have taken place.
Bitcoin payment adoption has also been limited, reinforcing the perception that it is speculative, a high-risk asset rather than a secure reserve.
The European Central Bank has been one of the major institutions that have denied the notion of including Bitcoin in their assets, citing the lack of liquidity, safety, and legal complications.
The Federal Reserve has indicated that it lacks the authority and intention to include Bitcoin on its balance sheet.