.png){kind=logo}
- Insights
- Cryptocurrencies
- Stocks
- White Papers
- Industry
- Geography
- Insights
- Cryptocurrencies
- Stocks
- White Papers
- Industry
- Geography
OOPS concepts in Python are very closely related to our real world, where we write programs to solve our problems. Solving any problem by creating objects is the most popular approach in programming. This approach is termed Object Oriented Programming. Object oriented programming maps our code instructions with real world problems, making it easier to write and simpler to understand. They map real-world entities (such as company and employee) as 'software objects' that have some 'data' associated with them and can perform some 'functions'. OOPS in programming stands for Object Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm or methodology, to design a program using classes and objects OOPS treats every entity as an object. This article features the top OOPs concepts in Python that every programmer must know
A class is a collection of objects. A class contains the blueprints or the prototype from which the objects are being created. It is a logical entity that contains some attributes and methods. To understand the need for creating a class let's consider an example, let's say you wanted to track the number of dogs that may have different attributes like breed, and age. If a list is used, the first element could be the dog's breed while the second element could represent its age.
Class methods must have an extra first parameter in the method definition. We do not give a value for this parameter when we call the method, Python provides it. If we have a method that takes no arguments, then we still have to have one argument.
This is similar to this pointer in C++ and this reference in Java.
The object is an entity that has state and behavior. It may be any real-world object like the mouse, keyboard, chair, table, pen, etc. Everything in Python is an object, and almost everything has attributes and methods. All functions have a built-in attribute __doc__, which returns the docstring defined in the function source code.
Inheritance is the capability of one class to derive or inherit the properties from another class. The class that derives properties is called the derived class or child class and the class from which the properties are being derived is called the base class or parent class.
Polymorphism contains two words "poly" and "morphs". Poly means many, and morph means shape. By polymorphism, we understand that one task can be performed in different ways. For example – you have a class animal, and all animals speak. But they speak differently. Here, the "speak" behavior is polymorphic in a sense and depends on the animal. So, the abstract "animal" concept does not actually "speak", but specific animals (like dogs and cats) have a concrete implementation of the action "speak".
Encapsulation is also an essential aspect of object-oriented programming. It is used to restrict access to methods and variables. In encapsulation, code and data are wrapped together within a single unit from being modified by accident.
It hides the unnecessary code details from the user. Also, when we do not want to give out sensitive parts of our code implementation and this is where data abstraction came. Data Abstraction in Python can be achieved through creating abstract classes.
