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Crypto lending vaults now hold more than USD 10 billion in deposits, up from about USD 4 billion at the start of 2025. Investors are using the products to earn interest on digital assets, but the higher returns come with exposure to failed loans, falling collateral prices and software faults.
The Financial Times reported figures from Blockworks that put deposits above USD 10 billion. Many vaults offer annual returns of 3% to 10%, while some strategies advertise 20% or more. The rates vary according to demand for loans and the risks that managers accept.
Customers usually deposit stablecoins or other cryptocurrencies into smart contracts. These programs lend the assets to borrowers or place them in other income-generating activities. Borrowers typically provide crypto collateral although its value can change sharply. The vault's return therefore depends on both interest payments and the health of its underlying positions.
Each curated vault has a person or firm responsible for choosing markets and setting lending limits. Curators decide which collateral to accept, how much borrowers can take out and when a loan should face liquidation. They also collect fees for their services.
The approach has attracted established crypto businesses. In January, asset manager Bitwise launched a Morpho stablecoin lending vault. Uniswap followed in July with its Morpho-based lending vault service, allowing users to deposit USDC, USDT and ETH through its app. Both developments brought curated lending products to existing crypto customers.
Fintech companies, hedge funds and firms that hold digital assets on their balance sheets are among the users identified in industry reporting. Some use vaults to put idle stablecoin balances to work. Yet depositors still need to assess withdrawal terms, asset quality and the curator's ability to change risk settings.
Crypto lending software can sell a borrower's collateral automatically once its value falls below a set level. When prices drop quickly, those sales may happen across several markets at the same time. Investors can also face withdrawal delays if a vault's assets are tied up in loans or hard-to-sell tokens.
The Resolv USR stablecoin exploit in March showed how pricing problems can reach lending systems. An attacker created unbacked USR tokens, sending the asset below its intended USD 1 value. Some vaults reportedly continued treating USR collateral as worth USD 1, leaving their recorded valuations out of step with the market.
Security breaches add another source of exposure. TRM Labs counted 207 crypto hacks during the first half of 2026, with losses totaling USD 972 million. That figure covers crypto services broadly rather than vaults alone. The firm reported that smart contract flaws accounted for most incidents, while a smaller number of large attacks caused the bulk of financial losses.
In July, US Securities and Exchange Commission Commissioner Hester Peirce said parties managing vault investments "may want to analyze whether their activities implicate the federal securities laws." She noted that legal treatment depends on what a vault does and how much control its manager holds.
Europe is considering changes as well. In September, the European Securities and Markets Authority proposed clearer requirements for crypto lending and borrowing, including information about costs and collateral. It also recommended rules for firms that provide access to decentralized finance platforms. Neither regulator has stated that every crypto lending vault falls under the same set of requirements.
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